The incidence of HFRS was shown to be associated with environmental factors, e.g., temperatures, rainfall, and changes in vegetation. In humans, SEOV infections usually present with a mild to moderate form of HFRS with < 1% fatality and make up about 20% of the clinical HFRS cases reported in the ROK.
norvegicus and Rattus rattus, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with significant mortality and morbidity in the absence of good medical care. The S segment of SEOV encodes for a nucleoprotein (N). 15 The L segment encodes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas the M segment encodes for two membrane glycoproteins, Gn and Gc. 13, 14 The genome of SEOV consists of negative-sense single-stranded RNA tripartite genomes, including Large (L), Medium (M), and Small (S) segments. Seoul virus belongs to the genus Orthohantavirus, family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales and poses a major public health threat to military personnel, civilians, and family members residing in urban environments. norvegicus in Seoul, Republic of Korea (ROK), remained to be investigated. 12 However, the epidemiological survey of urban threats transmitted by R. A recent study identified potential urban threats of viruses and bacteria from rats, Rattus norvegicus, in New York City. 7– 11 The surveillance of rodents in urban areas is critical for the identification and prevention of zoonotic viral outbreaks affecting human health. 5, 6 Rodents are known to carry a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and arthropod-associated vectors. 1– 4 The recent outbreaks of these viruses originated from zoonoses and have significantly impacted global economies and public health. In conclusion, this report provides significant insights into continued rodent-borne disease surveillance programs that identify hantaviruses for analysis of disease risk assessments and development of mitigation strategies.Įmerging or reemerging RNA viruses, e.g., Ebola virus in West Africa, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus in East Asia, Zika virus in South America, and Seoul virus (SEOV) in the United States, pose significant worldwide public health threats. Seoul virus Medium segment showed the highest evolutionary rates compared with the Large and Small segments. Seoul virus strains Rn10-134 and Rn10-145 formed a monophyletic lineage with the prototype SEOV strain 80-39.
The 3′ and 5′ terminal sequences revealed incomplete complementary genomic configuration. norvegicus were positive for SEOV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, of which two SEOV strains were completely sequenced and characterized. Only 4.7% (34/718) of the rodents assayed for hantaviruses was serologically positive for SEOV. In November 2006, higher numbers of rats captured were likely associated with climatic factors, e.g., rainfall and temperatures as rats sought harborage in and around buildings. The brown rat, Rattus norvegicus, accounted for 99.4% (1,939/1,950) of all the rodents captured in the urban area, whereas only 0.6% (11/1,950) of the rodents was house mice ( Mus musculus). Annual mean rodent infestation rates were the highest for food service facilities, e.g., the Dragon Hill Lodge complex (38.0 rodents) and the Hartell House (18.8 rodents). A total of 1,950 rodents were captured at USAG, Yongsan, near/in 19.4% (234/1,206) of the numbered buildings.
Army Garrison (USAG), Seoul, Republic of Korea (ROK), to determine the prevalence of Seoul virus (SEOV), a rodent-borne hantavirus. An epidemiological survey of urban rodents was conducted from 2006 to 2010 at the U.S. Rodent-borne pathogens pose a critical public health threat in urban areas.
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